Numbers stations, also called digital stations are broadcasting on short wave radio of unknown origin. In general broadcast voices reading streams of numbers, words, or letters (sometimes using a phonetic alphabet). The voices heard on these stations are often mechanically generated, come in a variety of languages, and are usually female, although sometimes used male voices or children.
Evidence supports popular assumptions that these stations are channels of communication to send messages to spies. This has not been publicly acknowledged by any government that can operate a numbers station, but there has been a public prosecution for espionage of a Cuban numbers station by a U.S. court.
Numbers stations appear and disappear over time (although some follow regular schedules), and total activity has increased slightly since early 1990. This increase suggests that, as spy-related phenomena were not unique to the Cold War.
The characteristics of these stations are varied. Some follow strict schedules, while others emit a seemingly random moments. Voices can read numbers, letters, words, tunes or morse code. The voice that reads the information can be produced automatically or at the time, a person young or old, male or female. The use of different languages \u200b\u200bto convey the information does not necessarily indicate the origin of the message; French spies, for example, may be working with Chinese numerals, which are used however to send a message in French.
The use of specific musical genres can also be an attempt to distract people from the idea that these stations have intelligence purposes. Someone who hears strange music with a girl reading numbers could, for example, taking such a transmission by a girl playing on the radio, however, the expert listener will notice that these numbers are read in the same way as when dialing a number wrong on the phone and a machine announces that the number has not been recognized.
According Conet Project, stations have been reported numbers from the First World War. If true, these stations would be among the first ones. has long been speculated, and in one case the accused, that these stations operate as a simple and foolproof method for government agencies to communicate with their agents. According to this theory, the messages are encrypted with a one-time pad, to avoid any possibility of decryption by an enemy. As evidence, these stations have changed details of his schedule or unscheduled transmissions made to coincide with extraordinary political events, such as the Soviet coup of 1991.
Others speculate that some of these stations are used for drug operations. Unlike the government, the issuers of the drug should have less power and does not run regularly, to avoid being located by triangulation and subsequently attacked. These stations, however, have operated with impunity for decades, so it is assumed that only operated or sponsored by governments. On the other hand, broadcasts international shortwave bands require high levels of electrical power, inaccessible to ranches, farms or plantations of drugs in isolated regions.
On the other hand, several Articles in the Journal of Popular Radio Communications published in 1980 and 1990, describing fans using radio tracking equipment to locate numbers stations in Florida and Virginia. Spotted from outside the station antenna on a military installation. The stations Hunter speculated that the station's transmitter was connected by cable to a source telephone number spoken in Washington DC. The author said the FCC had no comment on the questions about numbers stations on U.S. soil.
In some stations you can hear background tones. It has been suggested that in such cases the voice may be a help to tune the right frequency and the message sent by modulating the tones.
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Although most stations have nicknames that describe certain aspects of the season, the group ENIGMA 2000, dedicated to monitor such transmissions, a code assigned to each station known, this code is composed of a letter followed of a number, the letter indicates the language in which transmits the radio station:
* E: Indicates that the broadcasts are in English.
* G: indicates that the broadcasts are in German.
* S: indicates that the broadcasts are in languages \u200b\u200bSlavic languages.
* V: indicates that the broadcasts are in other languages.
* M: indicates that the morse code transmissions.
* X: Indicates that the transmissions are other ringtones as well as other types of transmissions that are not specifically Numbers stations.
* T: Indicates that the broadcasts are in an unknown language.
For example, the well-known Lincolnshire Poacher get the code E03, Cuban station "Attention" get the code V02. The last station has received a code is the E27 which was heard in late 2006 and early 2007.
Some stations have lost code if it is discovered that is not a numbers station. Such was the case of E22 station that was discovered and found to be test transmissions from the station All India Radio.
In general, numbers stations follow the same basic format, although details are different between stations. Transmissions usually begin on the hour or half hour.
The prelude or introduction of a transfer (from which they derive almost always the nicknames of the stations) contains some type of identifier, either the transmitter or the recipient. This can be a numeric code or phonetic (eg "Charlie India Oscar", "250 250 250") characteristic phrases (eg "find", "1234567890") or sound (eg "Lincolnshire Poacher", "Magnetic Fields"). Sometimes, as in the case of phonetic letters Israelites stations, the prelude can also indicate the nature or importance of the message to follow (eg "Charlie India Oscar 2" means that there is a message). Often the prelude is repeated for a while before the message.
Finally, after sending all the messages, the station will be fired in a characteristic way. Often it will be only one form of the word "final" in their language (eg "end of message", "therefore", "fini", "Konec"). Some others, especially those that are supposed to be transmitted from the former USSR, complete with a series of zeros, while others end up with music or other sounds.
Here is a video with sound in English one:
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